10个最容易犯错的ACT语法点

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　　1. 要素完整

　　出题形式：

　　主语和谓语被修饰成分隔开，主语和修饰成分划线

　　定语从句中主语和谓语被修饰成分隔开，定从主语和修饰成分划线

　　两个并列谓语必须要用连词连接

　　解题思路：

　　一定要找出划线部分句子的所有谓语。如果主语和谓语之间被修饰成分隔开，修饰成分前后必须保持一致。

　　例题：

　　1)Company, wanting to boost its sales of bacon, hired a reputable expert in public relations named Edward Bernays.

　　NO CHANGE

　　Company wanting

　　Company wanted

　　Company wants

　　解题思路：第一步，先找出主语和谓语。主语是 “company”, 谓语是 “hired”. 第二步，发现主语和谓语被修饰成分隔开，那么修饰成分“wanting to boost its sales of bacon” 前后标点必须保持一致。因为题中修饰成分后用逗号隔开，所以修饰成分前也必须有逗号。所以直接选A

　　2)Without the tree, the front yard changed. Some cacti, which I’d never given much attention to went wild, blossoming in crimson flowers.

　　A. NO CHANGE

　　B. cacti, that

　　C. cacti,

　　D. cacti

　　解题思路：第一步，找出划线部分句子的主语和谓语。主语是 “some cacti”, 谓语是 “went”. 第二步，发现主语和谓语被修饰成分隔开，那么修饰成分前后标点必须保持一致。因为题中修饰成分后没有用逗号隔开，所以修饰成分前也不用逗号隔开。最后只有D满足条件。

　　3)Bernays gained fame from his application of psychology to business strategy; after being hired by varied groups and corporations, became known as “the father of public relations.”

　　A. NO CHANGE

　　B. strategy and,

　　C. strategy; and

　　D. strategy,

　　解题思路：第一步，找出划线部分句子的主语和谓语。主语是 “Bernays”, 谓语是 “gained” 和 “became”。因为两个并列谓语必须要用连词连接，V1 and V2. 所以最后只能选B。B选项中 “and” 和 “became” 之间插入了修饰成分，前后都要用逗号隔开。这道题错误率非常高，所以大家切记找谓语时一定要把题中所有的谓语动词都找出来。

　　4)One of the liveliest folk music forms to develop in the twentieth century is Tejano music.

　　A. NO CHANGE

　　B. One of the most liveliest

　　C. The most lively

　　D. The liveliest

　　解题思路：第一步，找出主语和谓语。主语是 “One of the liveliest folk music forms”, 谓语是 “is”. 第二步，发现主语和谓语被修饰成分隔开，修饰成分前后标点保持一致。所以直接选A。这道题很多人错的原因是把 “forms” 误认为谓语动词。如何避免这种错误呢?一定要把句中所有的谓语动词都找出来。发现两个谓语动词没有用连词连接，肯定只能有一个谓语动词了。

　　5)The morning sun shines through wind-whipped branches create an odd effect in the artist’s studio.

　　NO CHANGE

　　shone

　　shining

　　shined

　　解题思路：这道题和上一题是同一种出题形式。很多人误选A的原因都是没有找到句中真正的谓语动词 “create”。一旦找到谓语动词 “create”，那主谓之间的成分只能是修饰成分，所以只能选C

　　6)Banneker’s grandmother was an indentured servant from England whom,after completing the term of her contract, bought some land and then married a freed slave.

　　A. NO CHANGE

　　B. who,

　　C. which,

　　D. OMIT the underlined portion.

　　解题思路：定语从句里面的主语和谓语被修饰成分隔开，修饰成分前后标点也必须保持一致。所以直接选B。

　　2. 句子连接

　　出题形式：

　　S1,S2两句话之间划线

　　S1, 修饰成分, S2 划线部分在S1最后和修饰成分之间

　　解题思路：

　　两句话只能用连词或者分号，冒号，破折号连接

　　例题：

　　1)This knowledge reassures and inspires me. When I remember that human beings share many of he same hopes, and fears, dreams and disappointments, then I can help my relationship.

　　A. NO CHANGE

　　B. myself when

　　C. me, when

　　D. me when

　　解题思路：看到两句话之间划线，马上联想句子连接这个考点。前面是一个简单句。后面是“when”连接的一个主从句。两句话用句号连接，所以正确，直接选A。很多人误选其他选项是把副词“then”误认为连词。“thus, therefore, thereafter, however, nonetheless, then, also, meanwhile” 这些词都是常考的副词，不能连接两个句子。

　　2)A horse-in-motion provides steady sensory input to the patient, and then the walking speed of the horse can be controlled, so can the level of sensory input.

　　A. NO CHANGE

　　B. this means

　　C. and because

　　D. DELETE the underlined portion.

　　解题思路：看到连句话之间划线，马上联想句子连接这个考点。一共有三个句子，第三个句子是一个难点。第三句中的 “so” 并不是连词，而是代词。是一个倒装句。所以三个句子需要有两个连词连接，只能选C。“and” 连接S1和S2. “because” 连接S2和S3.

　　3)In the 1960s, she moved into the White House with her husband, President LyndonJohnson, by then widely known as “Lady Bird” Johnson, this crusader took a stand for native plants and the wildlife that depend on them.

　　A. NO CHANGE

　　B. Johnson. By

　　C. Johnson by

　　D. Johnson by，

　　4)A forest crowded in on all sides as if trying to smother the castle, like a dragon’s tongue, a red flag snapped in the March wind.

　　NO CHANGE

　　castle. Like

　　castle like

　　castle,

　　解题思路：第三题和第四题出题形式完全一样。都是在第一句话最后和修饰成分之间划线。马上联想句子连接考点。一般都是直接把修饰成分前面逗号改成句号，修饰成分大写。ACT常出现的修饰成分包括 doing, done, 介词短语。这种题每次考试都会出现，本书并不难，难在很多同学并不能马上识别句子连接这个考点。

　　3. however

　　出题形式：

　　S1. However, S2

　　S, however, VO

　　解题思路：

　　however是副词，可以作插入语，通常插在一句话主语和谓语之间。前后用逗号隔开。

　　一定不能连接两个句子，所以如果在两句话之间，必须将“however”前面的逗号改成句号。

　　1)In college, she explored and refined this fascination, however, her personal life would not sit still for her art.

　　NO CHANGE

　　fascination, however

　　fascination however

　　fascination; however,

　　解题思路：划线部分在两句话之间，马上联想句子连接考点。however是副词，不能连接两句话，所以直接选一个能够连接两句话的选项，最后选D

　　2)He found out, however, that the public preferred live magic acts to filmed version.

　　NO CHANGE

　　out, however;

　　out, however

　　out however,

　　解题思路：“however” 在谓语和宾语从句之间作插入语，所以前后要用逗号隔开。直接选A

　　4. must do VS must have done

　　出题形式：

　　must后面划线

　　解题思路：

　　must do: 意思是必须

　　must have done: 表示推断，意思是一定

　　需要根据句意选择

　　例题

　　History stays alive in the telling, as previous keepers must understand each time they looked at the pictures on their winter count and started to speak.

　　A. NO CHANGE

　　B. have understood

　　C. had understood

　　D. understood

　　解题思路：在句中表示的是意思是一定理解，而不是必须理解，所以直接选B

　　5. 判断代词单复数

　　出题形式：

　　通常考察代词所有格的时候需要判断名词的单数和复数形式

　　解题思路：

　　一定要根据前文去判断名词单复数形式，千万不要根据常识乱选

　　例题：

　　The human eye contains rod cells, which allow us to see black and white and perceive gradations of lightness, and cone cells, which allow us to see color. Almost all instances of color blindness involve only the eye’s reception of red and green.

　　A. NO CHANGE

　　B. eye’s recepting

　　C. eyes’ reception

　　D. eyes’ receipting

　　解题思路：首先B,D排除，因为不存在 recepting, receipting. 然后需要判断 “eye”到底是单数还是复数。很多同学选错都是因为直接认为眼镜应该是复数而选了C。记住一定要根据前文判断，因为前面出现了 “the human eye”，所以要用单数。

　　6. 限制性同位语VS非限制性同位语

　　出题形式：

　　身份+人名

　　解题思路：

　　当表示特指的时候，需要我们辨别到底同位语是限制性还是非限制性的，限制性同位语前后不用逗号隔开，非限制性同位语前后用逗号隔开。

　　其实很简单，大家只需要判断同位语所修饰的前面的名词是不是唯一确定的，例如第一句里面 “the American president”并不知道是指哪一位总统，所以需要同位语修饰，同位语前后不同逗号隔开。第二句里面 “the 13th American president” 是唯一确定的。并不需要同位语的修饰，所以后面的同位语“leo”前后用逗号隔开。

　　The American president Leo participated in the meeting.

　　The 13th American president, Leo, participated in the meeting.

　　例题:

　　1)Iago, the villain of the tragedy, Othello strives to undo Othello, a respected

　　general.

　　A. NO CHANGE

　　B. tragedy, Othello,

　　C. tragedy Othello,

　　D. tragedy Othello

　　解题思路：

　　首先主语是 “Iago”, 谓语是 “strives”。主语和谓语之间的修饰成分前后标点保持一致，所以只能在B,C里面选。接着，“othello”是名词作同位语修饰前面的名词 “tragedy”，“the tragedy”并不是唯一确定的，所以需要同位语的修饰，所以不同逗号隔开，直接选C

　　2)In 2002, Minnesota writer and editor, Mai Neng Moua, created a new literary tradition.

　　A. NO CHANGE

　　B. editor Mai Neng Moua

　　C. editor, Mai Neng Moua

　　D. editor Mai Neng Moua,

　　解题思路：

　　“Minnesota writer and editor”并不是唯一确定的，所以需要同位语修饰，所以同位语前后不用逗号隔开，直接选B

　　7. 形容词作状语就近修饰

　　出题形式：

　　Adj, SVO (形容词位于句首，修饰主语)

　　SVO, adj(形容词位于句尾，修饰宾语)

　　例题

　　Pleasantly heavy and warm from the sun, I can still imagine the feel of the fruit.

　　A. NO CHANGE

　　B. I can still imagine the feel of the fruit, pleasantly heavy and warm from the sun.

　　C. Pleasantly, the fruit is still warm and heavy where I can feel it in my imagination from the sun.

　　D. Pleasantly heavy, I can still imagine the feel of the warm fruit from the sun.

　　解题思路：

　　句中的“pleasantly heavy and warm from the sun”修饰的是 “fruit”，而不是我，所以应该放在句尾，就近修饰，直接选B

　　8. SVO, doing VS SVO doing

　　出题形式：

　　SVO, doing (doing 位于句尾，用逗号隔开)

　　SVO doing(doing位于句尾，没有用逗号隔开)

　　解题思路：

　　SVO, doing (doing修饰主语)

　　SVO doing (doing修饰宾语)

　　例题

　　In one shot, my young grandparents toted crates filled with ripe fruit, and my

　　mother sat on a branch, peering down at the camera.

　　A. NO CHANGE

　　B. branch, which peered

　　C. branch that peered

　　D. branch peering

　　解题思路：看见名词+doing 马上需要判断 “peer” 到底修饰前面句子的主语还是宾语。“peer”意思是看，显然是修饰人，而不是树枝，所以直接选A

　　Carving Italian marble by hand, Lewis portrayed Cleopatra taking, her last breath.

　　NO CHANGE

　　Cleopatra, taking her last

　　Cleopatra taking her last

　　Cleopatra taking her last,

　　解题思路：句中 “taking her last breath”修饰的是 Cleopatra，而不是 Lewis, 所以doing前没有逗号，选C

　　9. 定语从句指代

　　出题形式：

　　A of B that/which

　　解题思路：

　　当定语从句修饰的名词是A of B 时，需要根据句意判断定从到底修饰的是A 还是B，不一定就近修饰

　　例题：

　　Even though these groups of animals are only distantly related, they have

　　similarities in brain structure that accounts for the shared vocal learning ability.

　　A. NO CHANGE

　　B. of which accounts

　　C. of which account

　　D. that account

　　解题思路：

　　根据句意这里定从所修饰的名词应该是 “similarities”, 所以定从中谓语动词要用复数形式。选D

　　10. 两个形容词修饰名词

　　出题形式：

　　adj1 adj2 + N

　　解题思路：

　　当两个形容词可以互换位置时，那两个形容词之间用逗号隔开

　　e.g. a lovely, pretty girl

　　当两个形容词不能互换位置时，那两个形容词之间不用逗号隔开

　　e.g. an international cultural center

　　例题

　　The dead tree was a horrific depressing sight, it continued to shed its dry

　　needles all over the yard.

　　A. NO CHANGE

　　B. horrified

　　C. horrible

　　D. horribly

　　解题思路：

　　很多同学会误选成A或C，如果是用 horrific 和 depressing修饰sight, 这两个形容词可以互换位置，所以之间有逗号，而A,C都没有逗号，所以选D