ACT阅读技巧:段落主旨题怎么做？

　　为了帮助大家学会ACT考试技巧，熟悉ACT阅读段落主旨题，新东方在线ACT频道为大家带来ACT阅读技巧:段落主旨题怎么做？一文，希望对大家ACT备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线ACT频道!

　　如何解答ACT阅读中的段落主旨题?

　　细心的小盆友发现，ACT阅读中有一类题型几乎在每篇文章里都可以看到，那就是段落主旨题。其实段落主旨题只是一种很笼统的叫法，如果细分是应该分为两个分支的，一个是语义分支，也就是问这个段落说了些什么内容;另一个应该是语用分支，也就是这个段落起到了什么作用。

　　首先，我们先大体学会这类题型的识别：

　　段落主旨题一般都是这么发问的

　　The main point of the second paragraph (lines 10-23) is that:

　　The main purpose of the first paragraph is to:

　　The main purpose of the first paragraph is to provide: (description, background information, explanation, clarification..)

　　The primary purpose of the second paragraph(lines 8-21) is to: (compare, contrast, establish, provide an overview of the characteristics, explain the role of, argue, demonstrate, pinpoint when…,give details of how…,describe, identify, list, )

　　The main idea of the third paragraph (lines37-69) is that:

　　The main function of the second paragraph (lines20-29) is to: (identify, list, contrast, describe…)

　　偶尔也有花式问法：

　　Which of the following questions best addresses the main point of the first paragraph?

　　如何识别讲完了，那么解答段落主旨题的方法是什么呢?

　　第一点：千万不要只看段首句

　　在大多数情况下，段落主旨题都是有一定难度，它需要同学们不仅仅召唤自己的understanding层面的阅读能力，更需要的是同学们的summarize的能力。所以往往有一个迷惑项就是对段首句“字面上的同义转述”，但是这个选项是迷惑项是错误选项。

　　例如：63C的第33题

　　The main purpose of the fourth paragraph (lines 39-47) is to:

　　compare and contrast the coastal and giant redwood.

　　describe the giant redwood’s coloration and bark.

　　provide details establishing the giant redwood’s enormity.

　　reveal the massive size of the giant redwood’s branches.

　　原文如下：(lines39-47)

　　“The giant redwood has cinnamon-coloured bark,which may grow to a massive 18 in/45 cm thick. Unlike the slim, tapering trunk of the coast redwood, the giant’s trunk is conical in shape and has a broad base that can reach over 40 ft/12 m across. Even at 200 ft/60 m above the ground, it can still be more than 20 ft/6m in diameter. Its main branches may grow to more than 8 ft/2.4 m wide, making the tree’s biggest limbs the size of large trees themselves.”

　　33题选B的同学是最多的。他们的理由基本都是：“做题时间太紧张，看到B选项里有colorationand bark, 感觉和段首句是一个意思，所以赶紧就选了，然后就做下一道题了。”不知不觉中就白白地丢失一道题的分数。所以可见，有的时候，阅读能力好的孩子，稍微不细心，就会考不出应该的水平来。考试和平时的阅读不一样，还是很需要考试方法和技巧的。那么这道题应该选什么呢?看到那些数字了吗?这些数字在段落里想说明什么问题?起到什么作用?答案在文章结束处。

　　第二点：也不要只看段落中的某一个细节信息，哪怕这句话是段尾句。因为会有一个迷惑项错误选项是针对段落中某一句话进行同义转述的。

　　例如：官方指南第1套题里的小说第4题

　　4. The main point of the first paragraph is that:

　　F. Fran believed Linda Rose would someday try to contacther.

　　G. Linda Rose acted like a wild bird when she was young.

　　H. Fran finds the arrival of a letter from Linda Rosesurprising.

　　J. Linda Rose’s handwriting reminds Fran of her ownhandwriting.

　　这道题很多同学选的是J选项，他们的理由是因为第1段最后一句话“butthe handwriting reminded me of someone’s. My own.”但是虽然这是段尾句，它依然无法担当起总结这段主旨的责任。所以J其实是错误选项。

　　原文第1段：“Mother, who wanted to keep her, always thought of her as some wild little bird, but Iknew she was a homing pigeon. I knew that at some point in her flight path, sooner or later, she would make a U-turn. A sort of human boomerang. So even though I had long since stopped expecting it, I was not surprised when I walked down the gravel drive to the mailbox, which I’d painted papaya yellow to attract good news, and found the flimsy envelope with the Dallas postmark. I didn’t know a soul in Dallas, orTexas for that matter, but the handwriting reminded me of someone’s. My own.”

　　再例如：63D的第12题

　　12. The main idea of the third paragraph (lines 37-69) isthat:

　　F. mid-nineteenth-century innovations giving senders more power over the contents and handling of letters made the private letter of today possible.

　　G. the introduction of prepaid mail service in the mid-nineteenth century greatly increased the popularity and convenience of the U. S. postal system.

　　H. the increased confidentiality of the personal letter in the mid-nineteenth century made censorship of letters by postmasters unlikely.

　　J. because letters sent after the mid-nineteenth century no longer came under the scrutiny of postmasters, letters began to carry different information.

　　很多同学这道题选的G选项，他们的理由是在原文看到了prepaid这个词(见下方红色字体处)，但是，做为主旨题，仅仅是因为见到了印象深刻的原词原句就选，那会次次都落入迷惑项的，因为这些信息仅仅是作为细节的存在，并不能担当总结全段主旨的作用。

　　原文37-69行

　　“Since the mid-nineteenth century, postal practices in North America and Western Europe quite explicitly sought tocontain the potential for straying missives by giving senders private controlover their letters and making the address circuitry much more focused. The key innovations that took place in the two middle decades of the century made the modem private letter possible. The first postage stamp appeared in 1840 in Great Britain, bearing a portrait of Queen Victoria. No longer did one need to see a postmaster to pay for carriage, marking a keystep toward impersonality in access. In the 1840s adhesive postage stampsappeared in the United States, first as local, private issues, and in 1847 thefirst national stamp was authorized by the United States Congress. The first United States patent for envelopes was issued in 1849. By sealing off contents against inspection, envelopes gave letters an entirely new aura of privacy. In 1851 Congress, perhapsmotivated to secure linkage with the Pacific Coast in the wake of the 1849 goldrush, passed a flat rate for all letters, not graded for distance as some earlyrates were. In 1856 all mail in the UnitedStates had to be prepaid (as opposed to COD, or cash on delivery), and aregistered mail service was founded to help prevent the loss of valuables,though it was rarely used. In 1858 street drop boxes, introduced in London in 1855, were first used in the United States. By the late 1850s, then, it was possible to mail a letter sealed in an envelope, paid for with a prepurchased stamp, and droppedinto a public box. “No longer did the sender have to come under the scrutiny of the receiving postalemployees”(Mathew J . Bowyer). No sentinels guarded the gates to the system.Confidentiality was now possible.”

　　读到这的同学有什么感想?是不是觉得段落主旨题并不像大家想的那么简单，是的。同学确实还是要集中大量练习一下段落主旨题，好好的提高自己对段落重要信息的把握能力。

　　那么段落里的重要信息到底在哪里?

　　每个段落一定有段落主旨句吗?

　　如果没有的话，有没有快速的方法可以判定段落主旨的呢?

　　如果有的话，主旨句一定在本段内吗?

　　这些问题都无法用一个帖子给大家讲清楚，是需要把段落主旨题进行分项大量练习的。

　　总之，段落主旨题掌握好了，其他很多细节题都会易如反掌。

　　P S.

　　以上三个例题的正确答案分别是

　　63C的第33题选C;

　　官方指南1的第4题选F;

　　63D的第12题选F。

　　以上就是新东方在线ACT频道为你带来的ACT阅读技巧:段落主旨题怎么做？，更多精彩敬请关注新东方在线ACT频道。